Impacts on forests/woodlands
The northeast’s forests are on track to lose our iconic woodland species such as the sugar maple and beech, as well as spruce-fir woodlands in the Adirondack areas. Hemlocks, ash, and even oaks are facing pests and diseases that are expanding due to both warmer overall temperatures and extreme weather that can blow/relocate/transport spores of fugus or pests such as the emerald ash borer or the hemlock woolly adelgid. If climate change continues on the current projection of increased CO2, the northern forest we know will change over to more southern species.
Early springs, or erratic springs with frost, also appear to be impacting natural ecosystems. Research by Dartmouth College in the journal of Global Change Biology state that “… climate change may constrain reproduction of early-flowering plants mostly through the direct impacts of extreme environmental conditions rather than disrupted plant-pollinator interactions."
This transition will cause disruption in our ecosystems, increase fire risk, and impact our forest economy. The Nature Conservancy’s publication on states:
“Tree species are expected to migrate north as temperatures increase causing important species such as sugar maple and paper birch to dwindle, eventually disappearing from New York permanently. With increased temperatures and changes in precipitation, New York and other states in the Northeast are projected to experience a 10-20% increase in the risk of forest fires.
Additional damage to the forests will likely occur due to the spread of pests and diseases. These impacts could cause severe damage to wildlife habitats, homes, and public health.”